Overview
Understanding neuropathy
Peripheral nerves carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Damage or dysfunction can affect sensation, muscle control, balance, or automatic body functions.
There are many possible causes, including diabetes, injury, pressure on a nerve, medication effects, infections, immune conditions, and inherited disorders. Finding a cause can be as important as managing symptoms.
Useful context
What people may notice
- Burning, tingling, electric, or pins-and-needles sensations
- Numbness or reduced ability to feel temperature or touch
- Weakness, cramping, or balance difficulty
- Pain from light touch that would not usually hurt
At the clinic
How evaluation works
- 01
Review symptom distribution, timing, medical history, and medications.
- 02
Check strength, sensation, reflexes, balance, and gait as appropriate.
- 03
Consider laboratory testing for possible underlying causes.
- 04
Use nerve conduction studies and needle EMG when they can help locate or characterize nerve or muscle dysfunction.
References
Sources and further reading
These references provide general education. They do not replace advice from a clinician who knows your health history.